Principle and design goals

Technology implementation

Consensus mechanism

Hybrid consensus mechanism

The design of consensus mechanism is the core difference between the permissionless blockchain and the private chain and the alliance chain. It needs to be decentralized enough to
achieve security, and fast enough to ensure performance. The industry has basically formed the
understanding that it is difficult to balance the essence of decentralization and efficiency only
with single consensus mechanism. In order to make up for the shortcomings of the previous two
generations of block chain, i.e. Bitcoin and Etherum, of which TPS are too low. This has prevented them from commercial application development in real world, TrueChain selected a
hybrid consensus mechanism combining the efficiency of PBFT with the decentralization of POW.
On the basis of guaranteeing the essence of decentralization, a permissionless blockchain with
high performance and high reliability can be realized to carry out the target of large-scale
commercial Dapps operation on the chain.
There are two most commonly known solutions of distributed protocol : Pow and PBFT.POW solution, represented by bitcoin, has been proved to be difficult to meet the need of transaction processing speed; the other is PBFT solution represented by a large number of private chains and alliance chains, which can efficiently deal with a large number of transactions.However,the PBFT solution requires that many nodes participating in the bookkeeping to trust each other, so the nodes have to know each other before the agreement can take effect. There is no doubt that when applying backbone nodes which records all transactions to the permissionless blockchain architecture, a huge moral hazard exists. Establishing a consensus mechanism of efficient mutual trust in the permissionless blockchain has become a worldwide Challenge.
The solution of TrueChain is taken by combining the two. Keeping the mechanism of PBFT remained, the selection of backbone nodes is open to the permissionless blockchain, and the POW protocol is used as the dynamic selection and agreement of the quasi-system to support the backbone nodes. The establishment of the backbone nodes community converted the nature of the chain from private and alliance to permissionless blockchain.

fPoW

fPoW is a brand new mining design concept. The Truechain uses the Fruit Chain design to ensure the fairness of all participants during the mining process.In the mining process, PBFT produces large blocks, and the fruit chain is responsible for dividing the large blocks into several fruits. These fruits have a shelf life, and several transaction information is recorded in each fruit. Ordinary mining can only be used to verify these transaction information, without the need to invest a lot of mining equipment, power and bandwidth,the design concept of a light node in a fruit chain allows ordinary participants to use ordinary computers, even using mobile phones to achieve mining.The biggest feature of the fruit chain is fairness and reliability, , which solves the problems of 25% of attacks in the common PoW consensus algorithm,the problem of joint mining of large mining pools and unstable transaction fees and so on.

Accounts and transactions

No description

Smart contract system

Smart contract layer is a key step in the application of consensus mechanism. The operation of smart contracts must rely on the completion of virtual machines to ensure that unified smart contracts can compute in different environments and reach the same results. TrueChain inherited the design idea of EVM, and launched TVM on PBFT. TVM will be implanted into each backbone node, enabling them to invoke requests based on individual requirements.

Cryptography

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Distributed storage protocol

No description

Cross-chain and exchange technology

No description

Special technology

Shard optimization

The idea of fragmentation of the Truechain is to divide the world state of the blockchain into different "slices". Each "slice" is processed by a different PBFT committee, and turn serial processing into parallel processing to achieve a significant performance boost.

Easy Dapp

Easy Dapp is an easy-to-use Dapp development framework.
Ordinary developers no longer need to pay attention to complex technology stacks. They don't need to understand the complex technology implementation of blockchains, and they don't need to deploy complete blockchains. They only need to refer to this development framework and call standard interface functions. Running on a TVM virtual machine,can develop and deploy a decentralized Dapp application very quickly.

Economic model and incentive

Byzantine & DAO everyone is self-governing, all share and all work together to build an economic system.
The Byzantine Committee is responsible for day-to-day management operations; the DAO Committee is responsible for oversight. It is a community autonomy structure based on mutual cooperation and mutual constraints.
The TrueChain Byzantine Committee is divided into the Developer Committee, the Market Media Committee, and the Token User Community Committee. Responsible for the operation of the three major aspects of the TrueChain economy, these members are elected by DAO.Among them,the Developer Committee is responsible for the recruitment of global developers, the evolution of the TRUE technology route, reviewing the quality of the code, and stimulating based on the contribution of each developer;The Market Media Committee is responsible for developing the True Media promotion strategy and recruiting media from around the world to participate in the promotion of True and to develop relevant incentives to motivate the contributing media;The Token community committee is responsible for developing community outreach and maintenance strategies and developing incentives for True users who contribute to the community.
The DAO Committee is a decentralized organization that represents the interests of the widest range of community holders.The organization exercises voting rights, supervisory powers,and voting rights on major proposals, and all holders automatically become members of the DAO committee.
TrueChain uses its own TrueChain Currency (TRUE) as its token, which can realize the functions of value storage, payment means, value scale, etc. The total amount of issuance is 100 million.
TRUE allocated to TrueChain’s team will be restricted by the long term weighting schedule, and the specific contact rules are as follows:
A. 20%, or 3000000 TrueChain Currency (TRUE), is released after 3 months of token distribution.
B. 25%, or 3750000 TrueChain Currency (TRUE), is released after 12 months of token distribution.
C. 25%, or 3750000 TrueChain Currency (TRUE), is released after 24 months of token distribution.
D. 30%, or 4500000 TrueChain Currency (TRUE), is released after 36 months of token distribution.
At this point, TrueChain Currency allocated to the TrueChain team is lifted.

Governance mechanism

No description

Applications

Insurance

Insurance is also a field that can be put into force for TrueChain. The integration of block chain and insurance industry really promote the development of insurance to automatic claims.The intelligent contracts under the block chain can automatically make claims when the triggering conditions occur, skip cumbersome steps of traditional claims and avoid possible moral hazard. Agricultural insurance has always been a difficult area for insurance to be involved in,because the grain output is affected by many natural and human factors. It is difficult to retain the evidence, so it is difficult for farmers to understand and accept agricultural risks. If the sensor is used to measure the weather conditions such as temperature, humidity, wind speed and so on,the automatic claim is triggered when the condition is reached, and the low cost, rapid and standardized claim will be realized by the characteristics of automatic completion and non-tampering of the smart contract. The same can be applied to aircraft delay risk. By calling the airline or the airport public interface, the smart contract automatically determines whether the flight is delayed and the cause of the delay is determined, thereby automatically triggering the claim. When the flight is delayed, passengers can be at least compensated financially. may calm down when seeing their account balance increasing.
In addition, the traditional insurance industry may be transformed by the new mutual insurance model. Mutual insurance and decentralization trading mechanism are completely interconnected. All parties are completely equal comparing to traditional insurance industry where insurees are often in a weaker position than the insurers. Under the new model the intermediary is no longer required to act as an organizer to establish a pool of funds, users can fully utilize the design of the block chain consensus mechanism and establish insurance on the form of point to point mutual assistance. Each premium payment can be traceable, open,transparent, timely and efficient. Combined with the hybrid consensus mechanism of TrueChain,mutual insurance can also be supervised to ensure the emergence of moral hazard.
Block chain technology enables the insurance industry to return to the main business of matching supply and demand and calculating risks, rather than focusing on asset management capabilities such as today, which should not be the intention of insurance.

Medical care

In the medical field, the anonymity and decentralization of the block chain can be used to protect the patient's privacy. Electronic health cases (EHR), DNA purse, and drug anti-counterfeiting are all possible applications of block chain technology.IBM published a report on health care and block chain in 2017, which specifically explained the potential value of block chain technology in clinical laboratory records, regulatory compliance, and medical / health monitoring records, as well as health management, medical equipment data records, drug treatment, billing and claims, safety of adverse events, medical assets management, medical contracts management and other special advantages.In terms of EHR, an individual's complete health history record contains all the vital signs,high and accurate records of the medicine, the doctor's diagnosis, the patient's disease, and all the information related to the operation. The whole historical data related to the medical staff,the location and the events are valuable for precision treatment and disease prevention. With its traits of security, transparency, decentralization etc., the block chain seems to be the perfect technology to apply to this area. The data of individual and institutional groups are stored and shared in real time.
In the system of TrueChain, every transaction has a timestamp, and becomes a part of the permanent record which cannot be tampered with afterwards. All nodes can view all records in a permissionless blockchain without permission. In a permission-restricted permissionless blockchain environment, each node can establish a consensus mechanism to determine the node's access to the transaction, thus maintaining privacy and concealment of the real identity of each node when needed. In this way, the block chain realizes the complete record of the asset lifecycle. When assets flow through the entire supply chain, no matter patient health records or a bottle of pills, all records are clearly visible.
IBM investigated the value of block chain to the medical executives,and executives generally believed that block chains can most effectively eliminate medical information friction, including incomplete information, information risk and inability to access information. For example, while computer records cannot can ensure the accuracy of information input, the block chain on the other hand, with its ability such as selecting the fastest and best information to put into the database with high security, can overcome the past medical information barriers and maximize its own strength.
The standardization of smart contracts is a key link in the application of block chains, which is of great value in the supervision of medical behavior. When non-compliance events occur,smart contracts will automatically track compliance and send notifications to relevant parties in real time, effectively remove inspection links, simplify the implementation process, and reduce supervision costs.
On the basis of data confidentiality and reliable quality, organizations, institutions and enterprises can join the system and cooperate with data. Using personal health data, medical equipment data, data collected by medical and nursing staff, developing new medical applications or providing services, implementing health management and creating new data sources, one can form a larger block chain ecology and a virtuous cycle.In terms of billing and claims, block chains can also effectively prevent improper behavior such as fraud, and reduce the waste of medical resources. Enterprise PokitDok, Capital One, and Gem proposed a platform supported by block chains to help patients before receiving treatment,determine the amount of self-payment in advance, provide pre-payment services, avoid the unexpected costs of the patients, and to reduce the amount of unpaid payments by medical institutions.
The traceability of block chain also includes the tracing of medical malpractice and the backtracking and supervision of drugs. For example, the establishment of a consistent drug distribution and management system will be a fatal blow to counterfeit drugs. Because the data of the block chain is updated and widely shared, pharmacies, manufacturers, buyers, regulators and other parties can observe the flow of data in real time, including drug manufacturing and distribution information, so as to strengthen drug regulation and prevent counterfeit drugs from entering the market. It is reported that the UK company, Blockverify, is one of the organizations to carry out drug source pilot projects to help medical staff verify authenticity through scanning drugs.
Block chain can eliminate adverse safety incidents, such as solving the safety problems of medical devices, especially the health devices connected to the network. In 2016, Johnson warned patients that their "OneTouch Ping" insulin pump was easily attacked by hackers, and FDA had reported a network security leak in St. Judah's medical heart equipment. Therefore, the normal operation of medical devices connected to the network is very important. Maintaining network security is also an important application of block chain in medical scenes.

Game

The combination of the block chain and the game refers to the creation of virtual assets for collection on the block chain. It is not like Etherum cat or Etherum Three Kingdoms, where the players obtain the false "block chain" game through the contribution of new players and the circulation of the virtual assets. It’s more than that which the use of cross chain technology in the game production can upgrade the industry.
As far as current development is concerned, the focus of block chain can be applied to the game of virtual asset circulation and gaming platform. For most games, the users are not sticky enough and may lose quickly after playing Company A's game, because its gain in Company A's game can't be transformed into a drive to play other games of Company A. Through applying the block chain technology, the traceability, convenient circulation and low cost of the virtual assets can be ensured, and the loyalty of the old players can be greatly improved, the ecology between different games of A company and the life cycle of the users can be extended. Small game companies can even unite to trade virtual assets in the same chain, in order to reduce user diversion costs and enhance user dependency.
Large games often hold many friendly matches and league matches. Using block chain smart contract can solve problems such as timely delivery and transparency. When the interface invocation gets the result of the game, the code automatically runs to complete the prize delivery gambling delivery.

Public welfare

Public welfare is one of the most important public issue as well as system in modern society. By the end of July 2017, among the 70 million poor people in our country, nearly 30 million of
the poor were poor.How to make public welfare more efficient, more fair and more transparent is a vital problem to be solved.
Philanthropists donate money to charitable organizations to help the trapped groups or improve the community. Where are these money used in the end? It is a question of which not only the donors but also the public deserve to know. The charity organizations also face the challenge of the traceability of the fund. How can it prove that the money has been sent to the needed? The two sides often encounter produce a lot of contradictions, like suspension of the flow of denoted money, embezzlement, corruption and so on. It not only harms the fund and those who are in need, but also hurts the good will of the philanthropists and the public.
The application of block chain technology will bring significant changes, especially improvements to philanthropy by keeping a transparent, decentralized, traceable ledger of donation and transmission. As a distributed ledger technology, the information on block chain can not be of tampered, and is transparent and traceable. It can perfectly solve the aching points of the public welfare system as mentioned above. When the user's good money enters the block chain system, it will be automatically recorded on the ledger of block chain and stamped with a timestamp. This record cannot be tampered and every donation and support will be tracked as "express".
Many blocks chain and charity projects have been tried to land.
In July 2016, the Ant charity block chain was officially launched. "Let the deaf children get the new sound" became the small scale test project of the Ant Financial and the Chinese Social Assistance Foundation. The new edition was launched in December 2016, adding the first block chain of the Chinese Red Cross Foundation "Say Goodbye to the Hearing Barrier" and the "Children Illuminating the Stars", realizing the real time account publicity and helping to solve the "pain point" of public financial transparency. Until March 16, 2017, all the donation project on Alipay has been accessed to the ant block chain platform. Statistics show that, by January 30,2018, there were 37 public welfare institutions, more than 300 public welfare projects, access to the Ant Block Chain Platform. More than 9.37 million donations have collected a total amount of over 48 million yuan donations.
In December 2016, the network mutual support platform held a "Heart Chain" conference in Shanghai. "Heart Chain" is a product which relies on block chain technology, specially designed for the public welfare industry. Relying on the block chain technology, all donations will be recorded on the "heart chain". Data including the amount of donations, capital flow is open and transparent. It is impossible for the public funds to be accessed illegally. This also makes personal kindhearted behaviors an objective "digital asset". As of October 2017, the times of platform donation has exceeded 100 million, and nearly 2 billion of the assets had been issued.
Numerous examples show the future trend of the integration of block chain and charity.

Asset Securitization

The extension of the digital currency lies in the token. Assets can be converted into tokens,and token can be turned into a proof of the assets usage rights. The transformation of assets into currency is a kind of securitization. If a book can be set up between the nodes and all the assets in the asset securitization pool are moved to this book, all the characteristics of the basic assets are marked, the block updates according to the transaction time which means non-tampered,and regular following up is conducted, the effective combination of asset securitization and block chain can be realized.

Digital advertising industry

The digital advertising industry monopolized by Facebook, Alibaba, Google, Baidu and other Internet giants has many industry pain points. Small and medium-sized advertising media,constrained by the size of Internet giants, are forced to form a "flow alliance" with weak bargaining power. For advertisers, the users who can modify the data and the group that is difficult to measure makes the digital advertisers face serious information asymmetry.Advertisers often pay high advertising costs for distorted users' clicks and coverage, but fail toachieve the desired results.
The existence of many advertising trading platforms has provided an alternative solution to advertisers to some extent, but the trust problem between the two sides has not been eliminated. On one hand, some advertising platforms rely on the development of robots to increase the amount of advertising clicks and cheat for advertising fees; on the other hand, some advertisers refuse to pay advertising costs before the advertising media is released. Therefore, in fact, compared with the Internet advertising platform, the small and medium-sized advertising platform has lower efficiency and less mutual trust.
In the final analysis, the crux of the digital advertising industry lies in the trust mechanism.In the face of the high cost of trusting the Internet giants and the less expensive but fraudulent situations, advertisers are most hopeful of the emergence of a low-cost mutual trust trading platform. The commercial application of block chain technology makes this hope a reality.Because of the characteristics of de-centralization, anonymity, openness, autonomy and irreversibility of transaction records, block chain technology provides a transparent and mutual trust trading platform for its advertisers. Followings can be mainly realized:
(1) data can be transmitted to the audience and can be counted.
(2) advertisers and advertising media are safe in funding.
(3) translucent transactions of all parties.
By using smart contracts, both parties can establish a safe and reliable trading mechanism,and make the advertising result measurable and reduce transaction costs. Users involved in advertising transactions have also entered the economic ecosystem of TrueChain, which can acquire or create higher added value in TrueChain’s ecology.

Micropayments

In many situations, people occupy too much public resources or cause negative externalities but fail to pay the corresponding remuneration. If the rear vehicle exceeds the front vehicle from the left, it actually takes up the road traffic resources of the fast lane. A front car with the right of way has to slow down and yield the rear vehicle. If the times of autopilot is coming, when the rear car has the need to surpass the front car, it can send out a request for transcending from the left side and pays a small fee, and the front car will automatically yield to it after receiving the request. It can not only guarantee the completion of Overtaking Behavior, but also make the front car gain from giving up the right of way, which is safe and fair.
For another example, solve the problem of spam emails and spam messages. Assume every mail and text message is required to pay the counterpart a small fee before sending. For the normal communication, the cost of communication is not significantly improved because they send messages in both directions, but for people who send a large number of spammers or spam messages, they will face a huge cost which reduces the possibility of sending garbage information in one way greatly.
The realization of small payment must be done by block chain without charge. TrueChain that provides high performance and stable trading environment is just suitable for these scenes.

Value transmission

Although there is a long way for block chaining technology to go, it can be seen that its application in the financial field is inevitable. It is not only currency creation, but the real changes that the block chain can bring to the financial industry lie in the value transmission and the public account. Many institutions both at home and abroad have made active exploration in the aspects of payment and settlement, asset registration and asset transfer. Because the block chain is a public, traceable, and non-tampered distributed general ledger system, it can effectively reduce the error rate of payment, liquidation, settlement steps, and monitor the inflow and outflow of each step of funds simultaneously, promoting the establishment of a faithful society and be conducive to financial supervision. With the development of block chain technology, the authenticity of assets will be further guaranteed.

Digital copyright

DECENT, a block chain company in Switzerland, hopes to use block chain technology to improve digital rights management. Through the digital video fingerprint identification, the unique "fingerprint" is abstracted from the motion change, color and key frame of the video. This fingerprint is used to track the video content on the protection network. Because of the uniqueness and irreversibility of the hash coding used widely in block chain data storage, the encoding of each file is not the same. Digital fingerprinting technology can systematically use the detailed characteristics of documents to distinguish genuine and pirated content, and trace the source of piracy.

Other application scenarios

Using the extensibility of its nodes and the efficiency and security of the consensus mechanism, TrueChain can be more applied to the fields of financial formats like mobile digital bill of exchange, securities trading, and supply chain management, property right tracking, digital certificate, etc.